Examining Carbon Fiber Wraps for Structural Reinforcement

Examining Carbon Fiber Wraps for Structural Reinforcement

Overview of the current methods used for residential foundation repair and their limitations.


Sure, let's delve into a human-like exploration of the current methods for residential foundation repair and their inherent limitations, paving the way for a discussion on carbon fiber wraps as a potential solution.
Poor drainage can accelerate the need for home foundation repair service foundation repair service near me structural failure.
When it comes to repairing residential foundations, several methods are commonly employed. These include underpinning, where material is injected beneath the foundation to raise or stabilize it; mudjacking, which involves pumping a slurry under the concrete to lift it; and pier and beam systems, where columns or pilings are driven into the ground to support the structure. Each of these methods has its own set of advantages, but they also come with significant limitations.

Underpinning, for example, is effective in stabilizing foundations but can be quite invasive, often requiring extensive excavation around the home. This not only disrupts the landscaping but can also be costly and time-consuming. Mudjacking, while less invasive, is often a temporary fix. The slurry used can wash away over time, necessitating repeated treatments. Additionally, it can cause the concrete to become uneven, which might lead to tripping hazards. Pier and beam systems are excellent for elevating structures above flood-prone areas but can be expensive and may not be suitable for all soil types.

Given these limitations, the construction industry is continually seeking innovative solutions. Enter carbon fiber wraps. This relatively new technology involves wrapping carbon fiber strips around structural elements and bonding them with epoxy. The strips are incredibly strong yet lightweight, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio that can significantly enhance the structural integrity of a foundation.

Carbon fiber wraps offer several advantages over traditional repair methods. They are minimally invasive, requiring no excavation, which means less disruption to the home and surrounding landscape. They are also quick to install, reducing downtime. Moreover, carbon fiber is resistant to corrosion and environmental factors, making it a durable long-term solution.

However, it's important to note that carbon fiber wraps are not a one-size-fits-all solution. They are most effective in reinforcing existing structures rather than replacing them. Also, the initial cost can be higher compared to traditional methods, although this is often offset by the longevity and minimal maintenance required.

In conclusion, while traditional methods of residential foundation repair have their place, they come with significant drawbacks. Carbon fiber wraps offer a promising alternative, providing strength, durability, and minimal disruption. As with any technology, it's essential to assess each situation individually to determine the most effective repair method.

Explanation of how carbon fiber wraps work and the science behind their effectiveness in structural reinforcement.


Carbon fiber wraps are increasingly popular for reinforcing structures such as bridges, buildings, and even cars. They offer a lightweight yet incredibly strong solution to enhance durability and longevity. To understand how carbon fiber wraps work and the science behind their effectiveness, it's essential to delve into their composition, application process, and the mechanical principles that make them so beneficial.

At the core of carbon fiber wraps are thin, strong strands of carbon atoms bonded together in a crystal lattice. These strands are woven into a fabric, which is then impregnated with a resin to create a composite material. The resulting carbon fiber fabric is both lightweight and extremely strong, boasting a tensile strength several times greater than steel but at a fraction of the weight.

The application of carbon fiber wraps involves several steps. First, the surface to be reinforced is thoroughly cleaned and prepared to ensure proper adhesion. Next, a primer is applied to enhance the bond between the surface and the carbon fiber material. The carbon fiber fabric is then laid over the primed surface in the desired pattern. Once in place, a resin is applied to saturate the fabric, filling the gaps between the strands and creating a solid, cohesive layer. This resin not only binds the carbon fibers together but also adheres them firmly to the underlying structure. The entire assembly is then cured, often with the aid of heat, to harden the resin and complete the bond.

The effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps in structural reinforcement lies in their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility. Unlike traditional reinforcement methods that add significant weight and bulk, carbon fiber wraps provide substantial strength without compromising the structure's original design or increasing its weight substantially. This is particularly advantageous in applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in automotive and aerospace industries.

Mechanically, carbon fiber wraps work by distributing stress more evenly across the reinforced structure. When a structure is subjected to loads or impacts, the carbon fiber layer absorbs and disperses the energy, preventing cracks from propagating and reducing the risk of catastrophic failure. This is due to the high tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of carbon fibers, which allow them to withstand significant forces without deforming.

In summary, carbon fiber wraps offer a cutting-edge solution for structural reinforcement. Their effectiveness stems from the unique properties of carbon fibers-high strength, low weight, and excellent durability. By carefully applying these wraps and ensuring a strong bond with the underlying structure, engineers can significantly enhance the performance and lifespan of various constructions, making carbon fiber an invaluable material in modern engineering.

Case studies showcasing the successful application of carbon fiber wraps in residential foundation repair projects.


Carbon fiber wraps have increasingly become a go-to solution for structural reinforcement, particularly in residential foundation repair projects. Their application not only enhances the structural integrity of buildings but also offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional repair methods. Several case studies across the globe exemplify the successful use of carbon fiber wraps in stabilizing and reinforcing residential foundations.

One notable case study involves a historic home in New England suffering from significant foundation settlement. The property, built in the late 1800s, exhibited severe cracking in its walls and noticeable sagging in certain areas. Traditional repair methods were deemed unsuitable due to the home's historical significance and the need to preserve its original structure. Engineers opted for carbon fiber wraps as a non-invasive solution. The wraps were meticulously applied around the compromised sections of the foundation. Over time, the structure showed remarkable improvement, with cracks stabilizing and the sagging areas returning to their original positions. This success story not only preserved the home's historical integrity but also demonstrated the effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps in addressing complex foundation issues.

Another compelling case is that of a modern suburban home experiencing foundation heave due to expansive soils. The homeowners noticed an upward buckling of the foundation walls, threatening the structural stability of the house. Carbon fiber wraps were chosen for their high tensile strength and flexibility. The wraps were installed along the affected foundation walls, providing additional support and preventing further movement. Post-installation monitoring revealed a significant reduction in the rate of foundation movement, ultimately stabilizing the structure. This case highlighted the adaptability of carbon fiber wraps in addressing diverse foundation challenges, from settlement to heave.

In a third instance, a residential building in a seismically active region faced the dual threat of earthquakes and soil liquefaction. The foundation was at risk of severe damage during seismic events. Carbon fiber wraps were applied to reinforce the foundation, enhancing its ability to withstand lateral forces and ground movement. After a moderate earthquake struck the area, the building remained standing with minimal damage, a testament to the effectiveness of the carbon fiber reinforcement. This case underscored the importance of proactive foundation reinforcement in vulnerable regions, showcasing carbon fiber wraps as a vital tool in disaster resilience.

These case studies collectively illustrate the versatility and efficacy of carbon fiber wraps in residential foundation repair. They not only provide immediate structural support but also offer long-term stability and durability. As more homeowners and engineers become aware of their benefits, carbon fiber wraps are likely to become a standard practice in foundation repair and reinforcement projects worldwide.

Comparative analysis of the cost-effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps versus traditional repair methods.


Certainly! Here's a short essay on the topic of a comparative analysis of the cost-effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps versus traditional repair methods for structural reinforcement:

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In recent years, the construction and repair industries have witnessed a growing interest in alternative materials and methods for structural reinforcement. Among these innovative solutions, carbon fiber wraps have emerged as a promising option, offering a myriad of benefits over traditional repair techniques. A comparative analysis of the cost-effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps versus traditional repair methods reveals several key insights.

Firstly, carbon fiber wraps provide a lightweight yet incredibly strong alternative to conventional materials like steel. This characteristic not only reduces the overall weight of the structure but also simplifies the installation process. Unlike traditional methods that often require heavy equipment and extensive labor, carbon fiber wraps can be applied by a smaller crew, reducing both time and labor costs. Additionally, the ease of application means that projects can be completed more quickly, minimizing disruptions and potentially lowering overall project costs.

Moreover, the durability and longevity of carbon fiber wraps contribute significantly to their cost-effectiveness. These wraps are resistant to corrosion, chemicals, and environmental factors, which means they require less maintenance over time compared to traditional repair methods. Structures reinforced with carbon fiber wraps tend to have a longer service life, reducing the frequency of repairs and maintenance interventions. This longevity translates into lower lifecycle costs, making carbon fiber wraps a financially prudent choice in the long run.

On the other hand, traditional repair methods, such as steel plating or concrete jacketing, though well-established, come with their own set of challenges. These methods often involve more invasive procedures, which can be disruptive to the structure's functionality and aesthetics. Additionally, the materials used in traditional methods are susceptible to corrosion and degradation, leading to higher maintenance costs and shorter lifespans for the repairs.

In terms of initial costs, carbon fiber wraps may appear more expensive than traditional methods. However, when considering the total cost of ownership, including maintenance, labor, and longevity, carbon fiber wraps often prove to be more cost-effective. The reduced need for frequent repairs and the extended service life of the structure offset the higher initial investment, providing a compelling case for their use.

In conclusion, while traditional repair methods have their place in structural reinforcement, the emerging technology of carbon fiber wraps offers a compelling alternative. Their lightweight nature, ease of application, durability, and long-term cost savings make them a highly attractive option for modern construction and repair projects. As the industry continues to evolve, the adoption of carbon fiber wraps is likely to increase, driven by their proven cost-effectiveness and superior performance.

Discussion on the durability and longevity of carbon fiber wraps in various environmental conditions.


When examining the durability and longevity of carbon fiber wraps in various environmental conditions, it's essential to consider several factors that influence their performance over time. Carbon fiber wraps are increasingly popular for structural reinforcement due to their impressive strength-to-weight ratio, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion. However, their effectiveness can vary significantly depending on the environment in which they are applied.

One of the primary concerns with carbon fiber wraps is their exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can degrade the resin used in the wraps, leading to a reduction in their mechanical properties. To mitigate this, manufacturers often incorporate UV inhibitors into the resin, but the effectiveness of these inhibitors can vary. In environments with intense and consistent sunlight, such as coastal areas or deserts, the lifespan of carbon fiber wraps may be shorter compared to shaded or indoor applications.

Moisture is another critical factor affecting the durability of carbon fiber wraps. When applied to structures in humid or wet environments, the wraps can absorb moisture, which may lead to a decrease in adhesion and structural integrity. This is particularly concerning in applications like marine environments where the wraps are constantly exposed to water. Proper surface preparation and the use of moisture-resistant adhesives can help enhance the wraps' performance in such conditions.

Temperature fluctuations also play a significant role in the longevity of carbon fiber wraps. Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can cause the resin to expand or contract, potentially leading to delamination or cracking. In regions with significant temperature variations, such as those experiencing harsh winters followed by hot summers, the wraps may undergo stress that compromises their effectiveness.

Additionally, the presence of chemicals and pollutants can impact the durability of carbon fiber wraps. Industrial environments where structures are exposed to acids, alkalis, or other corrosive substances may see a quicker degradation of the wraps. Similarly, salt in coastal areas can accelerate corrosion of the underlying structure, although carbon fiber itself is resistant to corrosion, the overall system may be compromised.

In conclusion, while carbon fiber wraps offer excellent structural reinforcement, their durability and longevity are contingent upon the environmental conditions they are subjected to. Understanding these factors and applying appropriate mitigation strategies, such as using UV-resistant resins, moisture-resistant adhesives, and ensuring proper surface preparation, can help maximize the lifespan and effectiveness of carbon fiber wraps in various applications.

Addressing common misconceptions and concerns regarding the use of carbon fiber wraps in residential settings.


When it comes to enhancing the structural integrity of residential buildings, carbon fiber wraps have emerged as a popular solution. However, misconceptions and concerns often arise regarding their use. It's essential to address these to foster a better understanding and acceptance of this technology.

One common misconception is that carbon fiber wraps are only suitable for industrial or commercial applications. In reality, these wraps are increasingly being used in residential settings to reinforce structures, especially in areas prone to earthquakes or where buildings show signs of wear and tear. Homeowners are finding that carbon fiber wraps offer a cost-effective and efficient way to strengthen their homes without the need for extensive renovations.

Another concern is the perceived complexity of installation. Many believe that applying carbon fiber wraps requires specialized skills and equipment, making it inaccessible for the average homeowner. While it's true that professional installation is recommended to ensure effectiveness, the process itself is relatively straightforward. Contractors trained in this method can efficiently apply the wraps, minimizing disruption to the household.

Cost is often a significant concern. Some homeowners worry that the expense of carbon fiber wraps will outweigh the benefits. However, when compared to traditional reinforcement methods, carbon fiber wraps can be more economical in the long run. They require less labor, have a faster installation time, and can extend the lifespan of the structure, providing a strong return on investment.

There's also a misconception about the appearance of carbon fiber wraps. Some believe that these wraps will mar the aesthetic of their home. In reality, carbon fiber wraps are designed to be unobtrusive. They can be colored to match the existing structure or hidden behind finishes, ensuring that the home's appearance remains unchanged.

Lastly, durability is a frequent concern. Homeowners wonder if carbon fiber wraps will withstand the test of time. Rest assured, carbon fiber is renowned for its strength and durability. When properly installed, these wraps can significantly enhance the structural integrity of a home, offering long-lasting protection against various stresses and strains.

In conclusion, addressing these common misconceptions and concerns is crucial for the wider adoption of carbon fiber wraps in residential settings. With their proven benefits, ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, aesthetic flexibility, and durability, carbon fiber wraps are a valuable tool for homeowners looking to reinforce their structures and ensure long-term safety and stability.

Future trends and innovations in the use of carbon fiber technology for residential foundation repair services.


In recent years, the construction industry has seen a significant shift towards more innovative and efficient materials and techniques. One such innovation that has gained attention is the use of carbon fiber technology in residential foundation repair services. This essay explores future trends and innovations in the use of carbon fiber wraps for structural reinforcement.

Carbon fiber, a material known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and durability, has been widely adopted in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and now, construction. Its application in residential foundation repair is particularly promising due to several key advantages. Firstly, carbon fiber wraps are incredibly strong yet lightweight, making them easier to handle and install compared to traditional materials like steel. This not only reduces labor costs but also minimizes disruption to the residents during the repair process.

One of the most exciting future trends in this field is the development of smart carbon fiber wraps. These advanced wraps are embedded with sensors that can monitor the structural integrity of the foundation in real-time. This means that any shifts or weaknesses in the foundation can be detected early, allowing for timely interventions and preventing more severe damage. This proactive approach to maintenance can save homeowners both time and money in the long run.

Another innovation on the horizon is the use of carbon fiber wraps in conjunction with 3D printing technology. By creating custom-fitted wraps that are tailored to the specific dimensions and needs of a foundation, contractors can achieve a more precise and effective reinforcement. This level of customization ensures that the repair is not only stronger but also more durable, offering long-term stability to the structure.

Additionally, researchers are exploring the potential of integrating carbon fiber wraps with other advanced materials, such as graphene, to further enhance their properties. Graphene, known for its exceptional strength and conductivity, could complement the already impressive qualities of carbon fiber, leading to even more robust and resilient foundation repairs.

In conclusion, the future of residential foundation repair services looks promising with the continued innovation and application of carbon fiber technology. Smart wraps, 3D printing, and the integration of other advanced materials are set to revolutionize the way we approach structural reinforcement. As these technologies evolve, they will not only improve the efficiency and effectiveness of repairs but also offer greater peace of mind to homeowners, ensuring their foundations remain strong and stable for years to come.



Redirect to:

  • Structural integrity and failure

 

Basement waterproofing involves techniques and materials used to prevent water from penetrating the basement of a house or a building. Waterproofing a basement that is below ground level can require the application of sealant materials, the installation of drains and sump pumps, and more.

Purpose

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Waterproofing is usually required by building codes for structures that are built at or below ground level. Waterproofing and drainage considerations are especially important in cases where ground water is likely to build up in the soil or where there is a high water table.

Water in the soil causes hydrostatic pressure to be exerted underneath basement floors and walls. This hydrostatic pressure can force water in through cracks, which can cause major structural damage as well as mold, decay, and other moisture-related problems.

Methods

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Several measures exist to prevent water from penetrating a basement foundation or to divert water that has penetrated a foundation:

  • French Drain
    French drain
    Interior wall and floor sealers
  • Interior water drainage
  • Exterior drainage
  • Exterior waterproofing coatings
  • Box type waterproofing[1]
  • Foundation crack injections
  • French drains
  • Sump pump

Interior sealants

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In poured concrete foundations, cracks and pipe penetrations are the most common entry points for seepage. These openings can be sealed from the interior. Epoxies, which are strong adhesives, or urethanes can be pressure injected into the openings, thus penetrating the foundation through to the exterior and cutting off the path of the seepage.

In masonry foundations, interior sealers will not provide permanent protection from water infiltration where hydrostatic pressure is present. However, interior sealers are good for preventing high atmospheric humidity inside the basement from absorbing into the porous masonry and causing spalling. Spalling is a condition where constant high humidity or moisture breaks down masonry surfaces, causing deterioration and shedding of the concrete surfaces.

Other coatings can be effective where condensation is the main source of wetness. It is also effective if the problem has minor dampness. Usually, interior waterproofing will not stop major leaks.

Interior water drainage

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Although interior water drainage is not technically waterproofing, it is a widely accepted technique in mitigating basement water and is generally referred to as a basement waterproofing solution. Many interior drainage systems are patented and recognized by Building Officials and Code Administrators(BOCA) as being effective in controlling basement water.

A common system for draining water that has penetrated a basement involves creating a channel around the perimeter of the basement alongside the foundation footers. A French drain, PVC pipe, or other drainage system is installed in the newly made channel. The installed drain is covered with new cement.

The drainage system collects any water entering the basement and drains it to an internally placed sump pump system, which will then pump the water out of the basement. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends basement waterproofing with a water alarm and "battery-operated backup pump" as a preventive measure against the high cost of flooding.[2] Wall conduits (such as dimple boards or other membranes) are fastened to the foundation wall and extend over the new drainage to guide any moisture down into the system.

Exterior waterproofing

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Waterproofing a structure from the exterior is the only method the U.S. International Building Code (IBC) recognizes as adequate to prevent structural damage caused by water intrusion.

Waterproofing an existing basement begins with excavating to the bottom sides of the footings. Once excavated, the walls are then power washed and allowed to dry. The dry walls are sealed with a waterproofing membrane,[3] and new drainage tiles (weeping tiles) are placed at the side of the footing.

A French drain, PVC pipe, or other drainage system is installed and water is led further from the basement.

Polymer

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Over the past ten years, polymer-based waterproofing products have been developed. Polymer-based products last for the lifetime of the building and are not affected by soil pH. Polymer-based waterproofing materials can be sprayed directly onto a wall, are very fast curing, and are semi-flexible, allowing for some movement of the substrate.

Causes of water seepage and leaks

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Water seepage in basement and crawl spaces usually occurs over long periods of time and can be caused by numerous factors.

  • Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in home construction. When pockets of air are not removed during construction, or the mixture is not allowed to cure properly, the concrete can crack, which allows water to force its way through the wall.
  • Foundations (footings) are horizontal pads that define the perimeter of foundation walls. When footings are too narrow or are not laid deep enough, they are susceptible to movement caused by soil erosion.
  • Gutters and downspouts are used to catch rain water as it falls and to discharge it away from houses and buildings. When gutters are clogged or downspouts are broken, rainwater is absorbed by the soil near the foundation, increasing hydrostatic pressure.
  • Weeping tile is a porous plastic drain pipe installed around the perimeter of the house. The main purpose of external weeping tile is preventing water from getting into a basement. However, these pipes can become clogged or damaged, which causes excess water to put pressure on internal walls and basement floors.
  • Water build up inside window wells, after heavy rain or snow, can lead to leaks through basement window seams. Window well covers can be used to prevent water from accumulating in the window well.
  • Ground saturation is another common form of basement leaks. When the footing drain fails the ground around the basement can contain too much water and when the saturation point is met flooding can occur.

Warning signs of water damage

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Signs that water is seeping into a basement or crawlspace often take years to develop and may not be easily visible. Over time, multiple signs of damage may become evident and could lead to structural failure.

  • Cracked walls: Cracks may be horizontal, vertical, diagonal or stair-stepped. Severe pressure or structural damage is evident by widening cracks.
  • Buckling walls: Usually caused by hydrostatic pressure. Walls appear to be bowed inward.
  • Peeling paint: Water seeping through walls may lead to bubbling or peeling paint along basement walls.[4]
  • Efflorescence: White, powdery residue found on basement walls near the floor.
  • Mold: Fungi that usually grow in damp, dark areas and can cause respiratory problems after prolonged exposure.

Foundation crack injections

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Foundation crack injections are used when poured concrete foundations crack, either from settlement or the expansion and contraction of the concrete. Epoxy crack injections are typically used for structural purposes while hydrophobic or hydrophilic polyurethane injections are used to seal cracks to prevent penetration of moisture or water. Concrete is both strong and inexpensive, making it an ideal product in construction. However, concrete is not waterproof.

References

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  1. ^ Waheed, M. A. (11 July 2014). "Top tips to optimally use conventional waterproofing techniques". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  2. ^ "FloodSmart | How to Prepare for a Flood and Minimize Losses". Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  3. ^ Carter, Tim. "How to redirect water around a damp garage". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  4. ^ Chodorov, Jill. "Basement flooding may put a damper on your home sale". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
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Reviews for


Jeffery James

(5)

Very happy with my experience. They were prompt and followed through, and very helpful in fixing the crack in my foundation.

Sarah McNeily

(5)

USS was excellent. They are honest, straightforward, trustworthy, and conscientious. They thoughtfully removed the flowers and flower bulbs to dig where they needed in the yard, replanted said flowers and spread the extra dirt to fill in an area of the yard. We've had other services from different companies and our yard was really a mess after. They kept the job site meticulously clean. The crew was on time and friendly. I'd recommend them any day! Thanks to Jessie and crew.

Jim de Leon

(5)

It was a pleasure to work with Rick and his crew. From the beginning, Rick listened to my concerns and what I wished to accomplish. Out of the 6 contractors that quoted the project, Rick seemed the MOST willing to accommodate my wishes. His pricing was definitely more than fair as well. I had 10 push piers installed to stabilize and lift an addition of my house. The project commenced at the date that Rick had disclosed initially and it was completed within the same time period expected (based on Rick's original assessment). The crew was well informed, courteous, and hard working. They were not loud (even while equipment was being utilized) and were well spoken. My neighbors were very impressed on how polite they were when they entered / exited my property (saying hello or good morning each day when they crossed paths). You can tell they care about the customer concerns. They ensured that the property would be put back as clean as possible by placing MANY sheets of plywood down prior to excavating. They compacted the dirt back in the holes extremely well to avoid large stock piles of soils. All the while, the main office was calling me to discuss updates and expectations of completion. They provided waivers of lien, certificates of insurance, properly acquired permits, and JULIE locates. From a construction background, I can tell you that I did not see any flaws in the way they operated and this an extremely professional company. The pictures attached show the push piers added to the foundation (pictures 1, 2 & 3), the amount of excavation (picture 4), and the restoration after dirt was placed back in the pits and compacted (pictures 5, 6 & 7). Please notice that they also sealed two large cracks and steel plated these cracks from expanding further (which you can see under my sliding glass door). I, as well as my wife, are extremely happy that we chose United Structural Systems for our contractor. I would happily tell any of my friends and family to use this contractor should the opportunity arise!

Chris Abplanalp

(5)

USS did an amazing job on my underpinning on my house, they were also very courteous to the proximity of my property line next to my neighbor. They kept things in order with all the dirt/mud they had to excavate. They were done exactly in the timeframe they indicated, and the contract was very details oriented with drawings of what would be done. Only thing that would have been nice, is they left my concrete a little muddy with boot prints but again, all-in-all a great job

Dave Kari

(5)

What a fantastic experience! Owner Rick Thomas is a trustworthy professional. Nick and the crew are hard working, knowledgeable and experienced. I interviewed every company in the area, big and small. A homeowner never wants to hear that they have foundation issues. Out of every company, I trusted USS the most, and it paid off in the end. Highly recommend.

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